FIN 370 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Essay

Learning Team: Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis This paper will give a short history and portrayals of Apple’s I Pad minicomputer. It will likewise give factors that influence request, gracefully, and harmony costs in the market. Issues that Apple faces that influence its seriousness will likewise be tended to. Ultimately, this paper will recognize the drawn out productivity of the iPad including, value flexibility of interest, mechanical development, and cost structure. Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak were companions in secondary school, which shared like intrigued by hardware. They structured what might turn into the Apple and on April 1, 1976, Apple Computer was conceived. This is an American based organization situated in California. Macintosh has practical experience in configuration progressing, and the business hardware, program, and PCs. Mac is certify for the absolute most mainstream results of the cutting edge universe of innovation, for example, iPod, i Phone, iPad, and iTunes. Apple has extended its retail locations to fourteen nations worldwide with 408 retail location also their online stores, Apple Store and iTunes. Apple’s esteem as of March 2013 is $415 million, and it is the biggest most traded on an open market organizations. The iPad is a tablet structured minicomputer that was discharged in 2010 by Apple. This gadget has furnished with Wi-Fi and has a multi-contact screen. There are five unique forms of this specific tablet. Each has the ability to play music, record recordings, a camera work, perusing the web, messaging. Games, GPS route framework, and long range interpersonal communication can likewise be downloaded to the gadget. A market is as an assortment of customers and retailers of a particular product or administration. Request is the real volume that shoppers are readied and ready to get. Amount required is the interest at a particular sum and is represented as the interest bend. The gracefully of an item is the amount that maker s are readied and competent to pass on to the market the deal ofâ the item. The market can be dissected by coordinating the gracefully and request bend. Harmony is the association of flexibly and request bends. The balance sum is where the number requested matches the number provided. An adjustment in cost doesn't really imply that the interest will change. It is more probable for the amount requested will influence the cost. In the event that the cost is changed the bend will move along the interest bend. At the point when the cost is diminished the amount request will be expanded. At the point when the IPad was discharged, it was the main item in that advertise around then. Consequently, around then it completely controlled the tablet division. A few organizations attempted to fight with Apple, however perceived their position just couldn't contend. The opposition battled Apple by making littler tablet that is a new spot for Apple. This creation worked and made Apple lose deals. The contenders quickly settled their place in the market. Value versatility of interest is an issue that our association, Apple faces that influences our seriousness and long haul benefit with respect to the iPad. â€Å"Price flexibility of interest and gracefully lets us know precisely how amount reacts to an adjustment in cost. As flexibility expands, amount reacts more to value changes. Request or flexibly is versatile, if the rate change in amount is more prominent than the rate change in price†(University Of Phoenix, 2010, pp. 154-157). In the wake of inspecting information, explicitly focused to the three kinds of iPads; their evaluating, capacities and memory stockpiling, it was resolved that in the event that the cost of the iPads expanded; at that point the customers may not buy them (â€Å"What Is An Apple Ipad’s Elasticity Of Demand?†, 2012). The value flexibility of interest discloses to us that despite the fact that Mac is extremely mechanical imaginative, yet as it identifies with value versatility of interest; the amount doesn't make a difference (all the changes, adjustments, augmentations, headways, and so on.) customers will in any case buy the less expensive iPad (cost productive) Apple ought not put resources into making more iPads. Consumer(s) can’t promptly rec ognize/comprehend the significance/essentialness of having more capacities, memory, stockpiling, and so on. The consumer(s) would eventually look for and buy the iPad that’s progressively helpful for their requirements. Despite the fact that Mac has is extremely mechanical imaginative, however as it identifies with value flexibility of interest; the amount doesn't make a difference (all the changes, alterations, increases, headways, and so forth.) customers will in any case buy the less expensive iPad (cost efficient) Technological development is an open door for our association, (Apple) to confront that influences our intensity and long haul gainfulness concerning the iPad. Through mechanical development our association will have the option to make enhancements to something that as of now exists, for example, the Apple iPad. Is the improvement to something that as of now exists. Mechanical advancement will consistently hugy affect Apple Corporation. As it legitimately identifies with the iPad, with the mechanical development, we can re-contribute and re-create the iPad. Likewise with any result of this extent, the cost will expand, more highlights will be included, more stockpiling, greater changeability, and so forth. For whatever length of time that we are inventive and have an ability to be imaginative we will reliably carry new things to the market that will consistent interest the purchasers and adjusts to their mechanical needs. â€Å"Cost Structure (TC = FC + VC) is the expenses of creation, the ID of how expenses related with the creation of a decent or administration are disseminated all through the procedure The cost structure comprises of fixed costs, variable expenses and all out expense â€Å" (University Of Phoenix, 2010, pp. 283-285). As indicated by â€Å"Internal Factors: Costs † (n.d.), † When examining cost, the advertiser will consider all costs expected to get the item to showcase incorporatin g those related with creation, promoting, dissemination and friends organization (e.g., office cost). These expenses can be partitioned into two principle classes: fixed expenses and variable costs†. Fixed expenses are costs that are spent and can't be recouped (lease, credit intrigue, support costs, security and regulatory costs, regularly compensation). The central point influencing fixed expenses are (1) Changes in business association, (2) Changes in innovation applied, (3) Sale of assembling hardware and (3) Decisions to embrace promoting exercises, and so forth. Variable expenses are costs that fluctuate with creation. Elements influencing variable costs, including profitability and others that change the flexibly of and interest for work (inward factors), (1) Involve expenses of things that are either segments of the item (parts/bundling), (2) Directly connected with making the item (power to run a sequential construction system), (3) Coupons and (4) Variable costs, particularly for substantial items will in general decrease as more units are delivered. This is because o f the creating company’s capacity to buy item segments at lower costs since segment providers regularly provideâ discounted valuing for huge amount buys (). Complete cost the aggregate of all expenses of sources of info utilized by a firm underway TC = FC + VC Apple is one of the world’s most appreciated brands. Consistently, as bits of gossip about Apple’s items begin to rise sites start to hypothesize which providers are probably going to win Apple’s business. Getting an agreement from Apple can lift a company’s esteem by a great many dollars. On October 22 Apple discharged an assortment of new equipment and programming. Apple’s new iPad is unmistakably concentrating on improving the iPad item net revenue, while additionally keeping up it solid piece of the overall industry. One of the manners in which Apple can amplify their benefit is by lessening the cost of the first iPad small scale. Another proposal that can expand the benefit for Apple is to likewise make radical upgrades to the full-size iPad and the scaled down. Macintosh has four items in the iPad setup. While Apple chose to keep the cost of the iPad 2 at $399 Apple dropped the cost of the IPad smaller than expected to $299. The most current iPad, the new full-size iPad Air is more slender and lighter than the past full-size iPads and substantially more impressive. The new iPad Air will sell at $499, while the second new iPad tablet the iPad scaled down with Retina show will deal for $399. By Apple dropping the cost on the iPad small scale this move should assist Apple with keeping up piece of the pie with it solid rivalry. Solid contenders like Google and Amazon have as of late dropped the costs on their famous tablets. Android tablets, for example, Google and the Kindle Fire have been picking up on Apple over the previous year with the lower costs and better. The Kindle Fire HD sold for $139, this by itself influenced Apple’s income. The value decline put Apple’s base iPad small scale nearer to the cost of Google and Amazon’s awesome tablets. Mac decided to drop the cost of the first iPad smaller than normal tablets to boost their benefits with the opposition. By and large by dropping the cost, this will attract more people to the Apple iPad smaller than normal and increment Apple’s minor incomes and gainfulness. This will keep Apple’s piece of the overall industry in rivalry with Google and Amazon without giving up a lot of gainfulness. In spite of the fact that, there are a few rivals in this market, for example, The Kindle Fire, The Windows Tablet, Galaxy Table, and so on none can maintain the measures that the iPad will convey. With the entirety of our headways in innovation, research, ventures, and so on we keep on being sought after. In the event that our enterprise keeps on being mechanical imagin ative and profitable; at that point we will keep on developing andâ consistently re-create. We will be increasingly beneficial, developing and will remain cost proficient; with regards to assembling and creating the iPad. Based

The Authenticity of Ones Identity Created by the Passport Term Paper

The Authenticity of Ones Identity Created by the Passport - Term Paper Example As Hall keeps up, maybe as opposed to considering character a previously cultivated certainty, which the new social practices they speak to, we should think, rather, of way of life as a 'creation', which is rarely finished, consistently in process, and consistently established inside, not outside, portrayal. (Hall, p. 222). In a nearby examination if Hall's view, it turns out to be certain that the very power and realness to which the term 'social personality' lays guarantee are tested here and it opens up a discourse or an examination on the subject of social character and portrayal. An intelligent examination of Diaspora according to character, especially researching whether a person's identification characterizes what his identity is, makes it clear that, with such huge numbers of socially various individuals and individuals conceived and living outside their local nations, a record expressing one's name, date of birth, sex and spot of birth essentially can't characterize the indi vidual. Â In request to fathom the connection among Diaspora and personality, it is central to have a basic, intelligent, and unambiguous utilization of the term 'diaspora' as against the uncritical, unreflective use of the term to any settings of worldwide uprooting and development. When thoroughly considering the classification of diaspora and its association with geopolitical elements, for example, country state, it gets principal to think about the significant job of country arrangement and development in the cutting edge world. Mass relocation developments, the different floods of political outcasts looking for refuge in different nations, the reconfiguration of country states request that the idea of nationhood assess the particular geopolitical conditions that accelerate the development of individuals and networks in the late twentieth and mid twenty-first hundreds of years. (Braziel and Mannur, 2003, p. 3). While social and abstract pundits have been progressively worried about how to reconsider ideas of nationhood and national personality, it is basic that such basic examinations fuse contemporary types of development, relocation, and disengagement - from movement to banish. In fact, these inquiries are inseparably connected to a hypothesis of Diaspora. In a basic investigation of contemporary types of development, dislodging, and separation from movement to oust, according to Diaspora and personality, the job of visa so as to characterize one's personality comes into question. Accordingly, it is central to dissect whether our travel papers can characterize who we are on the grounds that such basic examinations can uncover various parts of Diaspora corresponding to personality. With regards to the cutting edge world with various socially assorted individuals and individuals conceived and living outside their local nations, the identification which is a record expressing one's name, date of birth, sex and spot of birth, basically can't characterize an individu al or his social personality. Â In the cutting edge universe of globalization, one's personality is for the most part controlled by one's visa, which is a report expressing one's name, date of birth, sex and spot of birth, and the legitimacy of such an archive in characterizing one's personality comparable to Diaspora is by and large addressed.

Csi Effect free essay sample

Wrongdoing in America is expanding quickly and numerous methods have been made throughout the years so as to comprehend significant violations. Crime scene investigation science is one of the numerous strategies that have been made. Criminology is the utilization of science and innovation to examine and build up realities in criminal official courtrooms (free-word reference, n. d). In any case, there is a forthcoming issue which includes the misrepresented subtleties of legal sciences science. This paper investigates the CSI Effect, thoroughly analyzes criminalistics which includes the idea of the wrongdoing and criminology which is the investigation of the criminal conduct, investigates how criminalistics and criminology is anecdotally depicted in the media and how the CSI Effect impacts the general population and effects genuine criminal equity. Criminology is the use of science to discover pieces of information and unravel violations. There are numerous zones of crime scene investigation, for example, scientific toxicology, hereditary fingerprinting, and measurable pathology. A large portion of the legal researchers are specialists that get hints at the wrongdoing scene. Crooks for the most part abandon proof that permit an examiner to follow them (MegaEssays, 2011). This all adds to the criminalistics parts of criminology. Criminalistics is the acknowledgment, ID, and the assessment of physical proof by applying the laws of science and normal science (WriteWork, 2004). They recognize physical proof and discover its starting point. Criminalistics contrasts extraordinarily from the criminology part of scientific on the grounds that criminology manages the relationshipâ between theâ criminalâ and society. It thinks of hypotheses to clarify how society capacities with wrongdoing; it is workable for people to see some various positions on how wrongdoing is made in a general public and how a general public may impact a people choice to carry out a specific wrongdoing (ArticlesBase, 2010). In today’s society there are numerous TV shows which catch and get into the brains of its watchers. They reel you in, with the end goal for you to increase some viewpoint into a criminal’s mind. These shows additionally permit you to get the in depth of the entire examination in almost 1 hour when in actuality the criminal equity framework is literally nothing like how it is depicted on TV. We are all now casualties of the CSI Effect. The CSI Effect is a wonder detailed by examiners who guarantee that network shows dependent on logical wrongdoing comprehending have made genuine legal hearers hesitant to cast a ballot to convict when legal proof is neither fundamental nor accessible (Nolo, 2011). The criminalistics and criminology perspectives are particularly misrepresented; most proof that is demonstrated isn't as clear, in actuality. Fingerprints of casualties are not as effortlessly checked or demonstrated. DNA proof which requires certain hardware/innovation in the lab, is typically excessively costly, and isn’t in any event, something you would see in most investigative labs. Violations are additionally not as detectable as they appear on TV. Numerous wrongdoing scenes take up to week’s now and then even a very long time to get the entirety of the proof and procedure it. The CSI Effect is impacting the open on the grounds that the more well known those wrongdoing shows get the quantity of understudy studies legal sciences science has expanded quickly. They are keen on the quick pace brisk more elevated level learning abilities that they depict in the TV just to discover that it is not at all like how it is on TV. The CSI Effect is additionally influencing this present reality of criminal equity since it makes nonsensical desires in the psyches of members of the jury (Hoffmeister, 2011). They need and expect logical proof connecting the litigant to the wrongdoing (Hoffmeister, 2011). The CSI Effect has affected preliminaries all through the country. The most notorious preliminary of the decade would most certainly be the Casey Anthony preliminary. This was the allegation of multi year old Casey Anthony who was being accused of the homicide of her multi year old little girl Caylee Anthony and dumping the body in the forested areas close to her parent’s home on Suburban Drive. For the situation they discovered immense measures of proof in the preliminary. A few models are: the kid Caylee was most recently seen with her mom, Caylees remains were enveloped by things all from the Anthony home. There is a solid chance that the CSI impact was a factor. There were seemingly a few occasions during the preliminary where the absence of legal proof could have driven the jury to have sensible uncertainty about the arraignments case, for example, the discoveries of Caylees 9 long mitochondrial DNA coordinated hair which was found in trunk of vehicle. They couldn't decide how 2-year-old Caylee Anthony passed on. Hearers comprehend when a body is missing however experience issues tolerating that science can't decide the reason for death (Hoffmeister, 2011). Casey Anthonys DNA was ot on the channel tape that investigators said were utilized to suffocate Caylee Anthony. They believe DNA to be the best quality level of proof, and when it is absent, questions emerge (Hoffmeister, 2011). In conclusion the members of the jury felt as though they ought to have had the option to put Casey Anthony to where her daughter’s body was found in view of innovation headways that we currently have today. This case was based on conditional proof in which there was no measurable proof straightforwardly connecting Casey Anthony to her little girls passing (Hoffmeister, 2011). She was seen not as blameworthy. Another case that has been said to have been affected by the CSI Effect is theâ trial of Robert Durst, a tycoon land beneficiary who was blamed for killing a man named, Morris Black. It was a case in which examiners never discovered Blacks head. The guard asserted that injuries to the head may have upheld Dursts story that he had slaughtered Black in self-preservation (Willing, 2004). They recruited a man named Robert Hirschorn who was employed to pick members of the jury for the case picked legal hearers who knew about shows, for example, CSI and Law and Order. Robert Durst was absolved and discharged. Examiners, resistance legal advisors and legal counselors contended that they cultivated a mixed up thought that criminal science is quick and consistently gets the trouble maker which is influencing the manner in which legal advisors set up their cases,

National Health Service - United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

National Health Service - United Kingdom - Essay Example The methodology of the NHS shows restraint driven. The subtleties of administrations did by the NHS are schematically given in a graph gave on the site of the association which at Figure 1. The NHS has a three layered key structure. Hence at Tier 1 is the peak body of the Department of Health, UK which gives subsidizing, directional help and other related capacities. The Strategic Health Authorities are intended to oversee and improve nearby administrations, while the Primary Care Trusts or PCTs evaluate neighborhood needs and sort out consideration. The arrangement of human services has been isolated into two stages. Stage 1 is giving essential consideration which involves benefits as that of GP Practices, Dentists, Opticians and drug specialists, etc. NHS Direct is likewise a piece of Primay Care. Optional Care cooks for crisis and critical consideration and is given by different trusts, for example, the emergency vehicle trust, NHS trust, mental consideration trust and care trusts. A point by point overview of the NHS is being done according to succeeding sections to give a superior understanding into its working and appropriateness for reception of the recommended m odel of e administration. NHS is supposed to be a patient driven association, in this way patients are furnished with devoted consideration. Anyway there is a general protest this is subject to the territory in which they live, accordingly those in moderately distant get significantly less help than those found halfway close to conspicuous spots. Endeavors are likewise being made for more prominent association of patients by urging them to settle on their own decisions, rearranging them as accomplices in the framework to help wellbeing experts and encourage dynamic through gatherings and establishment trusts. This has expanded in more noteworthy effort to patients.2 Guaranteeing Safety of Patients and Professionals There is a significant need to guarantee that patients are guaranteed that the consideration they get is protected and the most ideal. The staff additionally has backing of the framework. This empowers achieving high caliber of wellbeing administration, receptive to the requirements of the individuals and gives the association and the individuals who are working inside, opportunity and backing to work with certainty. Various inititatives have been taken to accomplish this to incorporate the Star Rating framework at the national level and urging staff to out report, unfavorable occurrences. This is finished so as to bring out examination and offer data all through the framework. Revealing procedures at the nearby level are advanced with clearness and for making an arrangement of, clinical administration. Tolerant Choice The way to tolerant fulfillment in the NHS shows restraint Choice. This gives them command over arrangement dates and time to suit their work and family duties. There is likewise a decision of spot of treatment, of choosing a medical clinic where most ideal treatment is accessible, with constrained holding up list and suitable accessibility of pros. This additionally guarantees emergency clinics seek patients by improving their administrations and thus offer better assistance to patients.3 Data Data is the way to giving patients the decision to all viewpoints, which have been expressed above, be it

Essay Topics on Gender Equality - Writing Essays About Gender Equality

Essay Topics on Gender Equality - Writing Essays About Gender EqualityIf you are writing an argumentative essay, then you will need to think carefully about the argument that you are putting across. Whether you are writing for a college level assignment or an essay that you are submitting to an employment agency, you will need to make sure that you include arguments in your essays that will be convincing enough to convince the reader of your point of view. Writing an argumentative essay is not difficult, but it does require a great deal of time and effort.The reason why it is important to get the facts right is because it is a major part of getting through an argument. The words that you use will reflect how you feel about something, so it is important to consider what impact you want to have when it comes to your argument. If you find yourself starting an argument that you cannot finish, you should consider not trying to write it down because you will only ruin the message.One of th e best essay topics on gender equality is the line 'The Issue of Gender Equality'. This topic can be applied to any number of issues, so if you are planning on writing about pregnancy rights, birth control, or something that deals with the family, then this is the perfect topic. Any topic that deals with equality between the sexes is a good topic to write about, as long as you get to the point quickly. Writing a persuasive essay that uses this topic is very easy.The first thing that you need to do is think about the arguments that you will use when you are writing. It is very important to know what you are going to say, because it will be reflected in the way that you present it. Your writing style should reflect your opinions. If you are someone who likes to come off as an authority figure, then you will need to write a persuasive essay.Your subject matter can be anything, sotry to think of a unique topic that is unique to your life. One of the best topics to use for an argumentati ve essay is the topic of the progress of women in business. You may also consider the progress of women in education, or even sports, because these are topics that you might be interested in reading about.It is important to choose essay topics that you are passionate about. If you enjoy the topic that you are choosing, you will have more fun writing. If you don't like the topic that you chose, then you will be very tired and will not be able to focus. This is why it is important to choose topics that you enjoy writing about, so that you will not be bored and will be able to focus on writing.When you are considering essay topics on gender equality, it is very important to keep your mind open. Sometimes, it is easy to be too committed to one topic, which means that you won't be able to write a persuasive essay. It is important to have different topics that you are writing about, because you will not be able to write one long argument.The best essay topics on gender equality can be har d to come by, but they are out there. The topics that you write about will influence how well you write, so don't rule out anything. Keep your mind open and be creative. When you do this, you will soon be writing one of the best essays on gender equality.

10 Most Difficult ACT Questions

If youre planning on taking the ACT, you might have some anxiety about the questions youll encounter. How hard will they be? What are some of the most difficult ACT questions like? In our experience, students find that some of the most difficult ACT questions take several steps to solve. In Math, problems can always be broken down into a series of simpler calculations, but it may be hard to see how right away. For English, more difficult problems function in a similar way: you have to pinpoint which concepts are being tested first. On the Science test, multiple data sources and information overload make problems more challenging. In Reading, questions asking for inferences from information givenbut not directly stated in the text can be particularly tough. Ready to put yourself to the test? Below, you’ll find ten of the hardest questions in Magooshs Online ACT Prep. If you can get all of them right, well, then maybe you should be brushing up for that perfect score, little Mr./Ms. Perfect! (If you want a hint or get stuck on any of the questions, leave us a comment; we’re happy to point you in the right direction!) ACT Math 1. What would have to be so that + + + is divisible by ? A. 9 B. 5 C. 2 D. -6 E. -13 2. Region Q, shown in the figure, is defined by + , , and . What is the approximate area of Region Q in square units? A. between 75 and 125 B. between 125 and 175 C. between 175 and 225 D. between 225 and 275 E. between 275 and 325 3. In what region of the unit circle is cos ? A. B. C. D. E. ACT English Throughout the following winters, until his death in 1931, Bentley would go on to capture over 5,000 snowflakes, or more correctly, snow crystals on film. Despite the fact that he rarely left Jericho, thousands of Americans knew him as â€Å"The Snowflake Man† or simply â€Å"Snowflake Bentley.† , 1889, John Brisben Walker, the wealthy publisher of The Cosmopolitan, boarded a New Jersey ferry bound for New York City. Like many other New Yorkers, he was carrying a copy of The World, the most widely read and influential newspaper of the time. A front-page story announced that Nellie Bly, The World’s star investigative reporter, was about to undertake the most sensational adventure of her career, an attempt to go around the world faster than anyone ever had before. Sixteen years earlier, in his popular novel, Around the World in Eighty Days, Jules Verne had imagined that such a trip could be accomplished in the time stated in the title. Nellie Bly hoped to do the trip in seventy-five days. 5. If the writer were to delete the underlined sentence, the paragraph would primarily lose: A. important context for understanding information presented afterwards in the paragraph. B. an unrelated detail describing literature of the late 19th century. C. scientific data explaining the minimum length of a trip around the world. D. an indication that a trip around the world in less than eighty days could only occur in fiction, not reality. Prior to the invention of the camera, people might expect that their portrait would only be recorded once, maybe twice, in they’re lifetime. 6. A. NO CHANGE B. in their lifetimes C. in their lifetime D. in they’re lifetime ACT Science In a simple DC electrical circuit, a battery provides a change in voltage (V) that induces an electric current (I) through the circuit. A conductor placed in the circuit is characterized by its resistance (R) to this flow of electric charge. The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance is known as Ohm’s Law, which is represented by the following formula: V = I Ãâ€" R A student performed a series of experiments with a simple circuit to test Ohm’s law. Measurements of current were taken using an ammeter. The circuit diagram is presented in Figure 1. Experiment 1 The student set up a simple circuit consisting of a battery and a single resistor. The resistor was taken from an electronics kit and wired into the circuit. Using an ammeter, the student measured current in the circuit for batteries of three different voltages and recorded the results in Table 1. Experiment 2 Using the same circuit as in the previous experiment, the student tried three different resistors. The current flowing through the circuit with each resistor was measured with an ammeter, and recorded in Table 2. 7. The student rewired the circuit used in Experiment 2 by adding another resistor in parallel, as shown in the following figure: Upon repeating Experiment 2 using this setup, the student observed that the current flowing through two equivalent resistors (R1= R2) in parallel was the same as that which would flow through just one resistor of half the resistance value in a series circuit. Based on Table 2 and Figure 2, when this circuit was wired with two 3.0-ohm resistors, the current reading produced approximately which of the following values? A. 0.5 amps B. 1.0 amps C. 1.5 amps D. 2.0 amps ______________ A water mass is a volume of seawater with distinct properties based on where it originates. The density of a water mass varies as a function of both salinity (in parts per thousand: †°) and temperature ( °C). The amount of salt dissolved in water increases its density. Water masses of lower temperature are also of higher density. Oceanographers use these properties to identify and trace water masses in the ocean. Figure 1 shows variations in the density (D) of water masses in / relative to temperature ( °C) and salinity (†°) at atmospheric pressure. Contour lines on the graph indicate constant density. (Figure 1 adapted from this site.) 8. The average temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Ocean are 3.7 °C and 34.8†°. Based on the information provided in Figure 1, seawater at 12.0 °C and 37.2†° salinity flowing from the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic would most likely: A. rise because its density is lower than that of the Atlantic Ocean. B. mix because its density is the same as that of the Atlantic Ocean. C. rise because its temperature is higher than that of the Atlantic Ocean. D. sink because its density is higher than that of the Atlantic Ocean. ACT Reading When Justin finally walked through the doorway of his house, exhaustion beckoned him toward his bed. He labored up the stairs and lay on top of smooth blankets. His wife had heard him enter. She slipped into the room after him and sat at the foot of the bed, looking at him sympathetically. There was so much to say. He hesitated to begin speaking. Rebecca mistook his discomfort for part of his exhaustion. It was a long day for you, she said. Im sorry. You must be worn through. Can I get you anything? Some tea or a sleeping pill? Rebecca always offered sleeping pills, hoping they would make sleep more effective for her husband. She knew as well as he did that they had never done any good, but she made the offer to stave off helplessness. It was the closest she could come to actually relieving his pain. Fatigue unrelieved by sleep,' he quoted from the list of symptoms. But, dear, you are cured. Dr. Philips administered the full course of antibiotics, and your blood work is free from the bacteria. You dont have Lyme disease, anymore. Dr. Philips told us. That was his cue to begin. With a deep breath, Justin announced calmly, I had coffee with that health-food store owner, today. Clark. Rebecca pursed her lips until they vanished. They always disappeared when she grew upset, leaving only a black line across the space where they usually smirked. Why would you do that? Dr. Philips warned you about them. Right from the start, he warned you. Youre asking for trouble. It was true. Dr. Philips had told him this months ago. Back then, Justin feared what these symptoms meant. The exhaustion that threatened every aspect of his life. The ceaseless ache in every joint. The strange, burning feeling of his skin. Justin waited in a gown that stuck to the piece of wrinkled paper that covered the examination seat. The doctor had performed a battery of tests, and Rebecca sat up attentively as he reentered the office. Dr. Philips glanced over a clipboard showing the test results, saying, I have good news. You havent contracted a serious disease but only suffered a tick bite. You have Lyme disease, but we are fortunate to have caught the disease early. You must have been to Connecticut, lately, since we do not have Lyme disease-infected ticks around here. We will be able to eliminate it easily. Three weeks of doxycycline will eliminate every trace of the B. Burgdorferi. However, let me warn you; as little danger as you face from the disease, you are in a differ ent type of great danger from people who target Lyme patients. The doctor nodded thoughtfully as he looked back over the chart. It was Rebecca who finally asked, What sort of people? Oh. There is an underground cult of alternative medicine cultists who want to sell products to people with Lyme disease. These cultists claim that the medical field lacks a true understanding of the disease, and that Lyme — which is truly very easily eliminated — continues to affect patients for years after the antibiotic rounds are complete. They say that Lyme can be caught anywhere. Be on your guard: avoid these people. In a few weeks, I will have eliminated your Lyme disease. Now, a few months later, Justin sat exhausted on his bed. Dr. Philips had just given him a clean bill of health and congratulated him on being perfectly well. Justin had tried to protest that the symptoms remained, but the doctor assured him the treatment had eliminated every trace of Lyme disease. Justin felt his bones shiver as he leaned back on the pillows. He had made his decision, but his energy was spent. He wished he had the vigor to convince his wife of the conclusion he had reached. Rebecca shook her head. Did he try to get you to buy something? Did he turn you against your doctor? Throw around alternative remedies?† He suffered from Lyme before. For years. He knows what hes talking about, Justin pled. He had gone over the words for this conversation again and again throughout the day. He thought he was prepared, but the fatigue left him so dry and frail. His purpose leaked away, and his thinking grew lethargic. He had an inkling of doubt. Perhaps this was why he had finally consulted an alternative medicine nut; his exhaustion left him vulnerable to suggestion. Still, Clark had been sick for years during his childhood in Oregon. He knew dozens who had all over the country, and who felt better now, after Tai Chi or Rife machines or acupuncture. A few months ago, Justin would never have bought into it, but what he was hearing was exactly what he was experiencing, and the doctors story was not holding up under the pressure of reality. How do you know he really had it? Youre trusting a man youve never met before. Thats no proof. What did he tell you to use? Rebecca pressed. Bizarre sound wave machines, like the doctor said? Listen, Justin, you dont have Lyme. The doctor told you that you dont have Lyme. Why are you falling right into the trap he warned us about at the beginning? Of all times, now that youre cured! All Justin could manage to say was, Because we have never been to Connecticut, Rebecca. And because I feel so tired. 9. According to the passage, all of the following were aspects of Justin’s illness EXCEPT: A. extreme fatigue B. skin pain C. aching joints D. inability to fall asleep 10. It can be reasonably inferred from the final paragraph of the passage that: A. Justin feels unable to travel because of his illness. B. Clark was as powerless to help Justin as Dr. Philips. C. Dr. Philips was misinformed about where Lyme disease could be contracted. D. Justin was misdiagnosed with Lyme disease. Answers below!! This is your warning before you scroll! 🙂 Answers: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. C

12th Amendment Fixing the Electoral College

The 12th Amendment to the  United States Constitution  refined the manner in which the  President  and  Vice President  of the United States are elected by the  Electoral College. Intended to address unforeseen political problems resulting from the presidential elections of 1796 and 1800, the 12th Amendment replaced the procedure originally provided for in Article II, Section 1. The amendment was passed by Congress on December 9, 1803, and ratified by the states on June 15, 1804. Key Takeaways: 12th Amendment The 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution modified the way in which the president and vice president are elected under the Electoral College system.The amendment requires that the electors of the Electoral College cast separate votes for president and vice president, rather than two votes for president.It was approved by Congress on December 9, 1803, and ratified by the states, becoming a part of the Constitution on June 15, 1804. Provisions of the 12th Amendment Before the 12th Amendment, the electors of the Electoral College did not cast separate votes for president and vice president. Instead, all of the presidential candidates ran together as a group, with the candidate who got the most electoral votes elected president and the runner-up becoming vice president. There was no such thing as a political party’s president-vice president â€Å"ticket† as there is today. As the influence of politics in government grew, the problems of this system became clear. The 12th Amendment requires that each elector cast one vote specifically for president and one vote specifically for vice president, rather than two votes for president. In addition, the electors may not vote for both candidates of a presidential ticket, thus ensuring that candidates of different political parties would never be elected president and vice president. The amendment also prevents persons who are ineligible to serve as president from serving as vice president. The amendment did not change the way in which  electoral vote ties  or lack of majority are handled: the  House of Representatives  chooses the president, while the  Senate  chooses the vice president. The need for the 12th Amendment is better understood when placed in historical perspective. Historical Setting of the 12th Amendment As the delegates to the  Constitutional Convention of 1787  convened, the  American Revolution’s  spirit of unanimity and shared purpose still filled the air—and influenced the debate. In creating the Electoral College system, the Framers specifically sought to eliminate the potentially divisive influence of partisan politics from the electoral process. As a result, the pre-12th Amendment Electoral College system reflected the Framer’s desire to ensure that the president and vice president would be selected from among a group of the nation’s â€Å"best men† without the influence of political parties. Exactly as the Framers intended, the U.S. Constitution never has and probably never will even mention politics or political parties. Before the 12th Amendment, the Electoral College system worked as follows: Each elector of the Electoral College was allowed to vote for any two candidates, at least one of whom was not a resident of the elector’s home state.When voting, the electors did not designate which of the two candidates they had voted for was to be vice president. Instead, they just voted for the two candidates they believed to be the most qualified to serve as president.The candidate getting more than 50 percent of the votes became president. The candidate getting the second most votes became vice president.If no candidate got more than 50 percent of the votes, the president was to be selected by the House of Representatives, with the delegation of each state getting one vote. While this gave equal power to both the large and small states, it also made it more likely that the candidate ultimately selected to be president would not be the candidate who had won the majority of the popular vote.In the event of a tie among the candidates who got the second-most votes, the  Se nate  selected the vice president, with each Senator getting one vote. Although complicated and broken, this system worked as intended during the nation’s first presidential election in 1788, when  George Washington—who detested the idea of political parties—was unanimously elected to the first of his two terms as president, with  John Adams  serving as the first vice president. In the elections of 1788 and 1792, Washington received 100 percent of both the popular and electoral vote. But, as the end of Washington’s final term drew near in 1796, politics was already creeping back into American hearts and minds. Politics Exposes Electoral College Problems During his second term as Washington’s vice president, John Adams had associated himself with the  Federalist Party, the nation’s first political party. When he was elected president in 1796, Adams did so as a Federalist. However, Adams’ bitter ideological adversary,  Thomas Jefferson—an avowed  Anti-Federalist  and member of the  Democratic-Republican Party, having gotten the second-most electoral votes, was elected vice president under the Electoral College system. As the turn of the century approached, America’s budding love affair with political parties would soon expose the weaknesses of the original Electoral College system. The Election of 1800 One of the most important events in American history, the election of 1800 marked the first time an incumbent president—one of the Founding Fathers at that—actually lost an election. That president, John Adams, a Federalist, was opposed in his bid for a second term by his Democratic-Republican vice president Thomas Jefferson. Also for the first time, both Adams and Jefferson ran with â€Å"running mates† from their respective parties. Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney from South Carolina ran with Adams, while Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr of New York ran with Jefferson. When the votes were counted, the people had clearly preferred Jefferson for president, handing him a 61.4 to 38.6 percent victory in the popular vote. However, when the electors of the Electoral College met to cast their all-important votes, things got very complicated. The Federalist Party electors realized that casting their two votes for Adams and Pinckney would cause a tie, and if they both got a majority, the election would go to the House. With this in mind, they cast 65 votes for Adams and 64 votes for Pinckney. Apparently not so aware of this flaw in the system, the Democratic-Republican electors all dutifully cast both of their votes for Jefferson and Burr, creating a 73-73 majority tie forcing the House to decide whether Jefferson or Burr would be elected president. In the House, each state delegation would cast one vote, with a candidate needing the votes of a majority of delegations to be elected president. On the first 35 ballots, neither Jefferson nor Burr were able to win a majority, with Federalist Congressmen voting for Burr and all Democratic-Republican Congressmen voting for Jefferson. As this â€Å"contingent election† process in the House drug on, the people, thinking they had elected Jefferson, became increasingly unhappy with the Electoral College system. Finally, after some heavy lobbying by  Alexander Hamilton, enough Federalists changed their votes to elect Jefferson president on the 36th ballot. On March 4, 1801, Jefferson was inaugurated as president. While the election of 1801 set the cherished precedent for the  peaceful transfer of power, it also exposed critical problems with the Electoral College system that almost everyone agreed had to be fixed before the next presidential election in 1804. Ratification of the 12th Amendment In March 1801, just weeks after the election of 1800 had been resolved, the state legislature of New York proposed two constitutional amendments similar to what would become the 12th Amendment. While the amendments eventually failed in the New York legislature, U.S. Senator DeWitt Clinton of New York began discussions on a proposed amendment in the U.S. Congress. On December 9, 1803, the 8th Congress approved the 12th Amendment and three days later submitted it to the states for ratification. Since there were seventeen states in the Union at the time, thirteen were needed for ratification. By September 25, 1804, fourteen states had ratified it and James Madison declared that the 12th Amendment had become a part of the Constitution. The states of Delaware, Connecticut, and Massachusetts rejected the amendment, although Massachusetts would eventually ratify it 157 years later, in 1961. The presidential election of 1804 and all elections since have been conducted according to the provisions of the 12th Amendment. Sources â€Å"12th Amendment Text.†Ã‚  Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law SchoolLeip, Dave.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Electoral College – Origin and History.†Ã‚  Atlas of U.S. Presidential ElectionsLevinson, Sanford.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Amendment XII: Election of President and Vice President.†Ã‚  National Constitution Center